Ngā Paipa Tuitui Porowhita mō ngā Paipa Wai Matua

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I roto i te hanganga hanganga, he mea nui ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana mō te roa o te ora me te mahi a te kaupapa. Ko tētahi rauemi e tino hiahiatia ana e te umanga hanganga ko te paipa whakarewa porowhita. He maha ngā whakamahinga o ēnei paipa pēnei i ngā puna wai me ngā paipa hau, ā, ko ō rātou whakaritenga, tae atu ki ngā paipa whakarewa me ngā paipa tuitui porowhita, he mea nui kia pai ai te mahi. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tirohia hohonutia e mātou tewhakatakotoranga paipa porowhita whakarewa me tō rātou hiranga i roto i te umanga hanga.

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Taipitopito Hua

Ngā Tohu Hua

Spaipa tuitui piralska hangaia mā te whakamahi i tētahi tikanga e kiia nei ko te tukanga whakarewa porowhita. Ko te tukanga he whakamahi i ngā koiri maitai kua hurihia kia wera hei hanga kia rite ki te āhua porotaka, kātahi ka whakarewahia i te taha o te hononga porowhita. Ko te hua he paipa he kaha, he pakari hoki, e pai ai mō ngā momo mahi maha. Ka whakamahia e ēnei paipangongo whakarewate whakamahi i ngā hangarau i te wā hanga, kia ātete ai ki ngā momo āhuatanga taiao me ngā pēhanga, kia pai ai mō te whakamahi i raro i te whenua me te wai.

Ngā Āhuatanga Matua o te Tinana me te Matū o ngā Paipa Rino (GB/T3091-2008, GB/T9711-2011 me te API Spec 5L)
Paerewa	Te Kaupae Rino	Ngā Kaihanga Matū (%)						Āhuatanga Kume						Whakamātautau Pānga Charpy (V notch)
		c	Mn	p	s	Si	Ētahi atu	Kaha Tukunga（Mpa）		Kaha Kume (Mpa)		（L0=5.65 √ S0）Te Tere Totoro meneti （%）
		mōrahi	mōrahi	mōrahi	mōrahi	mōrahi	Ētahi atu	meneti	mōrahi	meneti	mōrahi	D ≤ 168.33mm	D ＞ 168.3mm
GB/T3091 -2008	Q215A	≤ 0.15	0.25 ＜ 1.20	0.045	0.050	0.35	Te tāpiri i te Nb\V\Ti i runga anō i te GB/T1591-94	215		335		15	> 31
	Q215B	≤ 0.15	0.25-0.55	0.045	0.045	0.035		215		335		15	> 31
	Q235A	≤ 0.22	0.30 ＜ 0.65	0.045	0.050	0.035		235		375		15	>26
	Q235B	≤ 0.20	0.30 ≤ 1.80	0.045	0.045	0.035		235		375		15	>26
	Q295A	0.16	0.80-1.50	0.045	0.045	0.55		295		390		13	>23
	Q295B	0.16	0.80-1.50	0.045	0.040	0.55		295		390		13	>23
	Q345A	0.20	1.00-1.60	0.045	0.045	0.55		345		510		13	>21
	Q345B	0.20	1.00-1.60	0.045	0.040	0.55		345		510		13	>21
GB/T9711-2011（PSL1）	L175	0.21	0.60	0.030	0.030		He kōwhiringa te tāpiri i tētahi o ngā huānga Nb\V\Ti, i tētahi huinga rānei o aua huānga	175		310		27		Ka taea te whiriwhiri i tētahi, i ētahi rānei o te taupū pakari o te kaha pānga me te horahanga kutikuti. Mō te L555, tirohia te paerewa.
	L210	0.22	0.90	0.030	0.030			210		335		25
	L245	0.26	1.20	0.030	0.030			245		415		21
	L290	0.26	1.30	0.030	0.030			290		415		21
	L320	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			320		435		20
	L360	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			360		460		19
	L390	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			390		390		18
	L415	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			415		520		17
	L450	0.26	1.45	0.030	0.030			450		535		17
	L485	0.26	1.65	0.030	0.030			485		570		16
API 5L （PSL 1）	A25	0.21	0.60	0.030	0.030		Mō te maitai taumata B, Nb+V ≤ 0.03%; mō te maitai ≥ taumata B, me tāpiri atu he Nb, he V rānei, he huinga rānei, ā, ko te Nb+V+Ti ≤ 0.15%	172		310		（L0=50.8mm）kia tatauhia kia rite ki te tātai e whai ake nei:e=1944·A0 .2/U0 .0 A:Horahanga o te tauira i roto i te mm2 U: Kaha kume iti rawa kua tohua i roto i te Mpa		Kāore e hiahiatia te kaha pānga me te horahanga kutikuti hei paearu pakari.
	A	0.22	0.90	0.030	0.030			207		331
	B	0.26	1.20	0.030	0.030			241		414
	X42	0.26	1.30	0.030	0.030			290		414
	X46	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			317		434
	X52	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			359		455
	X56	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			386		490
	X60	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			414		517
	X65	0.26	1.45	0.030	0.030			448		531
	X70	0.26	1.65	0.030	0.030			483		565

Ina whakaarohia ngā whakaritenga mō ngā paipa tuitui porowhita, he mea nui kia arotahi ki ngā āhuatanga matua pēnei i te diameter, te matotoru o te pakitara me te kounga o ngā rauemi. Ko te diameter o te paipa e whakatau ana i tōna kaha ki te kawe i te wai, i te hau rānei, ko te matotoru o te pakitara he mea nui ki tōna hanganga me tōna ātete ki te pēhanga. Hei tāpiri, ko te kounga o ngā rauemi e tohu ana i te kounga me te hanganga o te maitai e whakamahia ana, ā, he mea nui hei whakaaro ki te whakarite i te roa me te mahi a te paipa i roto i tētahi tono.

I roto i te hanganga ongā paipa wai matuaHe maha ngā painga o ngā paipa tuitui porowhita. Nā te kaha kume me te ātete ki te waikura, he mea pai mō te kawe wai i ngā tawhiti roa, ā, nā te ngāwari o te whakaurunga ka taea te noho ki ngā arai me ngā whenua uaua. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakamahinga o ngā paipa tuitui porowhita i roto i ngā paipa hau māori ka whakarite kia haumaru, kia whai hua hoki te kawe i te hau māori, ā, he rauemi nui tēnei mō ngā rāngai noho, arumoni me ngā rāngai ahumahi.

I te taha hanganga, ko ngā whakaritenga o ngā paipa hononga porowhita e whakahaeretia ana e ngā paerewa me ngā ture ahumahi hei whakarite i tōna kounga me tōna mahi. Hei tauira, kua whakawhanakehia e te American Petroleum Institute (API) ngā paerewa mō te hanga me te whakamahi i ngā paipa hononga porowhita e whakaatu ana i ngā whakaritenga mō te rahi, te kaha, me ngā tikanga whakamātautau. Hei tāpiri, ka whakaratohia e te American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) ngā whakaritenga mō te hanganga rauemi me ngā āhuatanga miihini mō ngā paipa hononga porowhita hei whakarite i tōna pono me te tutuki i ngā paerewa ahumahi.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, he mea nui ngā whakaritenga paipa whakarewa porowhita mō tā rātou mahi i roto i te hanganga hanganga. Ahakoa e whakamahia ana mō ngā puna wai, mō ngā puna wai rāneingā raina hau, he kaha, he pakari, he maha ngā whakamahinga o ēnei paipa, ā, he mea nui rawa atu i te ao hou. Mā te piri ki ngā paerewa me ngā ture ahumahi, ka whakarite te whakamahinga o ngā paipa tuitui porowhita i te haumaru me te whai huatanga o ngā pūnaha hanganga nui, ka whakatakoto i te ara mō te whanaketanga pumau me te ahunga whakamua pāpori.

O mua: Te Kaha o te Paipa Whakarewa Takirua i roto i ngā Mahi Ahumahi

Panuku: Ngā Painga o te Hanganga Whakarewa Matao

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