Ngā Paipa Rino Waro Whakarewahia Porowhita mō ngā Paipa Wai o raro Whenua
He wāhanga nui ngā whatunga wai whenua o ngā hanganga o tētahi tāone nui, o tētahi tāone iti rānei. Ko rātou te kawenga mō te whakarato wai inu ma, haumaru hoki ki ngā kāinga, ki ngā pakihi me ētahi atu umanga. Ki te kore he pūnaha paipa pono, ka tino whakararuraruhia te urunga atu ki te wai ma, ka hua ake he tūponotanga mōrearea ki te hauora me te whakararuraru i te oranga o ia rā. Nō reira, he mea nui kia whakarite kia kounga teitei ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana i roto i ēnei paipa, ā, ka taea hoki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō te kawe wai whenua.
| Te Diameter o Waho kua Tauwhāitihia （D） | Te Matotoru o te Pakitara i Tauwhāitihia i roto i te mm | Pēhanga whakamātautau iti rawa (Mpa) | ||||||||||
| Te Kaupae Rino | ||||||||||||
| in | mm | L210(A) | L245(B) | L290(X42) | L320(X46) | L360(X52) | L390(X56) | L415(X60) | L450(X65) | L485(X70) | L555(X80) | |
| 8-5/8 | 219.1 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 |
| 7.0 | 8.1 | 9.4 | 13.9 | 15.3 | 17.3 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 11.5 | 13.4 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 9-5/8 | 244.5 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 13.6 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16.9 | 19.3 |
| 7.0 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 14.1 | 15.6 | 17.5 | 19.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 10.3 | 12.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10-3/4 | 273.1 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 9.0 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 12.1 | 12.9 | 14.0 | 15.1 | 17.3 |
| 7.0 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 12.6 | 13.9 | 15.7 | 17.0 | 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 9.2 | 10.8 | 18.1 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 12-3/4 | 323.9 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 14.6 |
| 7.0 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 10.7 | 11.8 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 20.4 | ||
| 10.0 | 7.8 | 9.1 | 15.2 | 16.8 | 18.9 | 20.5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (325.0) | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 14.5 | |
| 7.0 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 10.6 | 11.7 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 20.3 | ||
| 10.0 | 7.8 | 9.0 | 15.2 | 16.7 | 18.8 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 13-3/8 | 339.7 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.1 | 13.9 |
| 8.0 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 11.6 | 12.8 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16.6 | 18.0 | 19.4 | 20.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.9 | 10.4 | 17.4 | 19.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 14 | 355.6 | 6.0 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 10.3 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 12.9 | 13.9 | 15.9 |
| 8.0 | 5.7 | 6.6 | 11.1 | 12.2 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 18.6 | 20.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.5 | 9.9 | 16.6 | 18.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (377.0) | 6.0 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 13.1 | 15.0 | |
| 8.0 | 5.3 | 6.2 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 15.0 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 20.0 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.0 | 9.4 | 15.7 | 17.3 | 19.5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 16 | 406.4 | 6.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.2 | 13.9 |
| 8.0 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 12.0 | 13.1 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 16.2 | 18.6 | ||
| 12.0 | 7.4 | 8.7 | 14.6 | 16.1 | 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (426.0) | 6.0 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 8.6 | 9.3 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 11.6 | 13.3 | |
| 8.0 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 11.5 | 12.5 | 13.2 | 14.4 | 15.5 | 17.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 7.1 | 8.3 | 13.9 | 15.3 | 17.2 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 18 | 457.0 | 6.0 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 9.3 | 10.0 | 10.8 | 12.4 |
| 8.0 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 8.6 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12.4 | 13.4 | 14.4 | 16.5 | ||
| 12.0 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 12.9 | 14.3 | 16.1 | 17.4 | 18.5 | 20.1 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 20 | 508.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 8.8 | 9.6 | 10.3 | 11.8 |
| 8.0 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 8.2 | 9.1 | 10.2 | 11.1 | 11.8 | 12.8 | 13.7 | 15.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 12.3 | 13.6 | 15.3 | 16.6 | 17.6 | 19.1 | 20.6 | 20.7 | ||
| 16.0 | 7.9 | 9.3 | 16.4 | 18.1 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (529.0) | 6.0 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 9.2 | 9.9 | 11.3 | |
| 9.0 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 11.0 | 11.9 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 17.0 | ||
| 12.0 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 11.8 | 13.1 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 16.9 | 18.4 | 19.8 | 20.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 13.8 | 15.2 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 19.8 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 16.0 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15.8 | 17.4 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 22 | 559.0 | 6.0 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 10.7 |
| 9.0 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 8.4 | 9.3 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 16.1 | ||
| 12.0 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 11.2 | 12.4 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 16.0 | 17.4 | 18.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 6.3 | 7.4 | 13.1 | 14.4 | 16.2 | 17.6 | 18.7 | 20.3 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 8.6 | 10.0 | 17.8 | 19.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 22.2 | 10.0 | 11.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 24 | 610.0 | 6.0 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 9.8 |
| 9.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 12.9 | 14.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 10.3 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 19.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 12.0 | 13.2 | 14.9 | 16.1 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 20.0 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 16.3 | 17.9 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 25.4 | 10.5 | 12.0 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| （630.0） | 6.0 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 9.5 | |
| 9.0 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 9.3 | 10.0 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12.5 | 14.3 | ||
| 12.0 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 | ||
| 16.0 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 13.3 | 14.6 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 19.0 | 20.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15.8 | 17.5 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 25.4 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
Paipa maitai waro porowhita kua whakapirihia, pērā i te S235 JR mePaipa raina SSAW X70, he mea rongonui mō ngā paipa wai o raro whenua nā te mea he tino pakari, he ātete hoki ki te waikura. Ka hangaia ngā paipa mā te whakamahi i te tukanga whakarewa porowhita, kia kaha ai te hanganga, kia tū atu ai ki ngā pēhanga me ngā āhuatanga taiao e pā ana ki te kawe wai whenua. Hei tāpiri, he mea hanga ēnei paipa ki te maitai waro kounga teitei mō te kaha me te roa o te ora, kia pai ai te whiriwhiri mō ngā pūnaha tohatoha wai mō te wā roa.
Ko tētahi o ngā painga matua o te whakamahi ingā paipa maitai waro porowhita kua whakapirihiaKo te take nui mō te kawe wai whenua ko tōna ātete nui ki te waikura. Ka pāngia tonutia ngā paipa o raro whenua e te makuku me ētahi atu āhuatanga taiao, ka taea ai te waikura me te pirau o ngā rauemi tuku iho pērā i te raima, te PVC rānei. Heoi, he tino ātete ngā paipa maitai waro ki te waikura, kia mau tonu ai te āhua o te hanganga i roto i te wā. Mā tēnei ātete ki te waikura ka tino whakaitihia te hiahia mō te tiaki me te whakakapinga, ā, ka mutu, ka penapenahia ngā utu pūnaha wai.
Hei tāpiritanga, nā te kaha me te pakari o ngā paipa maitai waro kua whakapirihia ki te porowhita, he mea tino pai mō ngā whakaurunga ki raro whenua. Ka taea e ēnei paipa te tu atu ki te pēhanga o waho mai i te oneone me ētahi atu huānga o raro whenua, kia mau tonu ai te mahi me te whai hua puta noa i te roanga o te wā mahi. Hei tāpiritanga, nā tōna hanganga me ōna mata maeneene o roto ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā aukati, ngā turuturu rānei, ka nui ake te pono me te whai huatanga o te kawe wai whenua.
Hei whakarāpopototanga,ngā paipa wai o raro whenuahe wāhanga nui o ngā hanganga hou, ā, ko te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana i roto i ēnei paipa he mea nui ki tō rātou mahi me te roa o te ora. He maha ngā painga o ngā paipa maitai waro kua whakapirihia ki te porowhita, pērā i te paipa raina S235 JR me te X70 SSAW, mō te kawe wai whenua, tae atu ki te roa o te mau, te ātete ki te waikura me te kaha teitei. Mā te whakamahi i ēnei paipa kounga teitei, ka taea e ngā pūnaha wai te whakarite kia pono, kia whai hua te tuku wai ki ngā hapori, me te whakaiti i te hiahia mō te tiaki me te whakakapinga.
