Te Whakapakari i ngā Hanganga Wai mā te whakamahi i ngā Paipa Rino Waro Whakakotahitia
Whakamōhio mai:
I te tipu haere o ngā hapori, me te piki haere o ngā tono ahumahi, ka nui haere te hiahia ki te whakarato wai ma, pono hoki. He mea nui te hanga i ngā paipa pakari, whai hua, ka taea te tu tonu i roto i te whakamātautau o te wā, me te whakarite hoki i ngā paerewa teitei o te haumaru me te pono. I ngā tau tata nei, kua noho ngā paipa maitai waro kua whakarewahia hei wāhanga nui o ngā kaupapa hanganga wai, e huri ana i te ao.whakarewa paipa warome ngā mara paipa wai. I roto i tēnei pou rangitaki, ka tirohia e tātou ngā painga, ngā tono, me ngā whanaketanga o ngā paipa maitai waro porowhita kua whakarewahia hei whakapai ake i ngā hanganga wai.
Ngā Āhuatanga Hangarau o te Paipa SSAW
| kounga maitai | te kaha hua iti rawa | te kaha kume iti rawa | Te Whakaroa Iti rawa |
| B | 245 | 415 | 23 |
| X42 | 290 | 415 | 23 |
| X46 | 320 | 435 | 22 |
| X52 | 360 | 460 | 21 |
| X56 | 390 | 490 | 19 |
| X60 | 415 | 520 | 18 |
| X65 | 450 | 535 | 18 |
| X70 | 485 | 570 | 17 |
Te hanganga matū o ngā paipa SSAW
| kounga maitai | C | Mn | P | S | V+Nb+Ti |
| % Mōrahi | % Mōrahi | % Mōrahi | % Mōrahi | % Mōrahi | |
| B | 0.26 | 1.2 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.15 |
| X42 | 0.26 | 1.3 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.15 |
| X46 | 0.26 | 1.4 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.15 |
| X52 | 0.26 | 1.4 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.15 |
| X56 | 0.26 | 1.4 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.15 |
| X60 | 0.26 | 1.4 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.15 |
| X65 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.15 |
| X70 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.15 |
Te ātete āhuahanga o ngā paipa SSAW
| Ngā tūponotanga āhuahanga | ||||||||||
| te whānui o waho | Te matotoru o te pakitara | te tika | porowhita kore | papatipu | Teitei mōrahi o ngā pīrere whakarewa | |||||
| D | T | |||||||||
| ≤1422mm | ＞1422mm | <15mm | ≥15mm | pito paipa 1.5m | roa katoa | tinana paipa | pito paipa | T≤13mm | T>13mm | |
| ±0.5% | e ai ki te whakaaetanga | ±10% | ±1.5mm | 3.2mm | 0.2% L | 0.020D | 0.015D | '+10% | 3.5mm | 4.8mm |
Whakamātautau Waipūmau
Me tu te paipa i te whakamātautau waipū, me te kore e turuturu mā te hononga whakarewa, mā te tinana paipa rānei.
Kāore e hiahiatia kia whakamātauria ngā hononga mā te whakamahi i te wai ā-pūmau, ki te mea kua whakamātauria angitu ngā wāhanga o te paipa i whakamahia hei tohu i ngā hononga mā te whakamahi i te wai ā-pūmau i mua i te mahi honohono.
1. Te kaha o te paipa maitai waro porowhita kua whakapirihia:
Paipa maitai waro porowhita kua whakapirihiaHe kaha rawa atu tēnei nā te mea he ahurei tana tukanga hanga. Mā te whakamahi i te rakau koiri wera-hurihuri, ka hangaia te paipa mā te whakarewa porowhita, ka hua ake he whakarewa tonu. He mea nui tēnei ki te pupuri i te hanganga o te paipa, kia taea ai te tu atu i ngā pēhanga teitei me ngā āhuatanga taiao wero. Nā te kaha kume teitei, he mea pono tēnei hei whiringa mō ngā tono tuku wai ā-whare me ngā tono ahumahi.
2. Te pakari me te ātete ki te waikura:
Ko tētahi o ngā raruraru nui o ngā kaupapa hanganga wai ko te waikura o ngā paipa i roto i te wā. He tino ātete te paipa maitai waro kua whakarewahia ki te waikura nā te mea he paninga konutea, he paninga epoxy rānei hei tiaki. Ka mahi te paninga hei ārai i ngā āhuatanga o waho, hei ārai i te waikura, hei whakaroa hoki i te roa o te ora o ō paipa. Mā te ātete ki te waikura ka roa te whai huatanga, me te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki paipa wai.
3. Ngā mahi maha:
He maha ngā whakamahinga o te paipa maitai waro kua whakapirihia ki te porowhita, ā, he pai mō te nuinga o ngā kaupapa hanganga wai. Mai i ngā whatunga tohatoha wai inu ki ngā tipu maimoatanga waipara, ka taea te whakarerekē i ēnei paipa ki ngā whakaritenga motuhake o ia kaupapa. Hei tāpiri, nā te ngāwari o te tāutanga, ahakoa i roto i ngā whenua uaua, i ngā wāhi rū whenua rānei.
4. Te whai hua o te utu:
He maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā kaupapa hanganga wai e ngā herenga tahua, ā, ko te whai huatanga o te utu te mea nui. He paipa utu iti te paipa maitai waro kua whakarewahia porowhita nā te roa o tōna ora me te pakari. Ko te roa o tōna ora mahi, me te iti o ngā whakaritenga tiaki, ka tino whakaiti i te utu huringa ora o te kaupapa. Hei tāpiri, kua ahu whakamua te hangarau whakarewa ngongo waro i ngā tau tata nei, e whakapai ake ana i te pai o te whakarewa me te whakaiti ake i ngā utu.
5. Ngā whakaaro mō te taiao:
He mea nui te pumau i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā hanganga hou. E tutuki ana ēnei mātāpono i ngā paipa maitai waro kua whakarewahia kia porowhita, nā te mea he 100% te hangarua, ā, ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro mō te wā roa. Mā te hangarua ka whakatairangahia he ōhanga porowhita, me te whakarato hoki i tētahi otinga pono, pai hoki mō te taiao mō te kawe waka wai.
Hei whakamutunga:
Kua hurihia e te paipa maitai waro whakarewa porowhita te rāngai hanganga wai, kua ara ake te pae mō te whakarewa paipa waro me tengā ngongo waiHe kaha, he roa, he ātete ki te waikura, ā, he maha ngā whakamahinga o ēnei paipa, ā, he otinga pono, he whai hua hoki mō ngā hiahia wai e tipu haere ana o te hapori. Mā te whiriwhiri i te paipa maitai waro kua whakarewahia, ka taea e tātou te whakatakoto i te ara mō tētahi heke mai wai pakari, pumau hoki.
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