Te Mārama ki ngā Painga o te Paipa Rino Porowhita ASTM A139 mō ngā Paipa Hau Taiao o raro whenua

Whakamōhio mai:

Mō te kawe hau māori, kāore e taea te whakanui rawa i te hiranga o ngā paipa raro whenua. Mā ēnei paipa ka taea te tuku haumaru me te whai hua o tēnei pūngao nui ki ngā kāinga, ki ngā pakihi me ngā ahumahi. Hei whakarite i te roa o te ora, te pono me te pakari o ēnei paipa, he mea nui te whakamahi i ngā rauemi kounga teitei. I roto i ngā kōwhiringa maha e wātea ana,ASTM A139He paipa rino porowhita te mea tino pai. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka rukuhia e mātou ngā āhuatanga me ngā painga e pai ai te ASTM A139 mō ngā paipa hau maori o raro whenua.

Āhuatanga Mīhini

Te Hanganga Matū

Whakamātautau Waipūmau

Me whakamātautau ia roa o te paipa e te kaihanga ki te pēhanga wai-pūmau ka puta he ahotea i roto i te pakitara o te paipa kāore i raro iho i te 60% o te kaha tuku iti rawa kua tohua i te pāmahana rūma. Me whakatau te pēhanga mā te whārite e whai ake nei:
P=2St/D

Ngā Rerekētanga e Whakaaetia ana i roto i ngā Taumaha me ngā Ahu

Me paunatia motuhake ia roa o te paipa, kaua hoki tōna taumaha e neke atu i te 10% neke atu i tōna taumaha matapae, 5.5% rānei i raro iho i tōna taumaha matapae, e tatauhia ana mā te whakamahi i tōna roa me tōna taumaha mō ia wae roa.
Kaua te whānui o waho e neke atu i te ±1% mai i te whānui o waho kua tohua.
Kaua te matotoru o te pakitara i tētahi wāhi e neke ake i te 12.5% ​​i raro i te matotoru pakitara kua tohua.

Roa

Roa matapōkere takitahi: 16 ki te 25 putu (4.88 ki te 7.62m)
Roa matapōkere takirua: neke atu i te 25 putu ki te 35 putu (7.62 ki te 10.67m)
Ngā roa ōrite: te rerekētanga e whakaaetia ana ±1inihi

Ngā mutunga

Me whakapaipai ngā puranga paipa ki ngā pito papatahi, ā, me tango ngā kōhao i ngā pito.
Ina tohua te pito paipa hei pito piko, me 30 ki te 35 nekehanga te koki

ASTM A139: Te Kōwhiringa oPaipa Hau Māori o raro whenuangā rārangi:

1. Kaha me te pakari:

ASTM A139paipa maitai porowhitaE mōhiotia ana mō tōna kaha kume me te kaha pānga. He mea nui ēnei āhuatanga mō ngā paipa hau maori o raro whenua nā te mea e tūpono tonu ana ki ngā momo āhuatanga pēhanga taiao me raro whenua. Mā te hoahoa porowhita o te paipa maitai ka whakarei ake i tōna hanganga, ka taea ai e ia te tu atu i ngā pēhanga o waho teitei ake, me te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā turuturu, ngā pakaru rānei.

2. Ātete ki te waikura:

Ka ngāwari ngā paipa o raro whenua ki te waikura nā te wai, ngā matū oneone me ētahi atu āhuatanga. Mā te paipa rino porowhita ASTM A139 ka whakatauhia tēnei raruraru mā te whakarato i te ātete waikura pai rawa atu. Ko te take nui o tēnei ko tōna paninga whai konutea, e whakarato ana i te ārai tiaki mai i ngā huānga waikura, e whakarite ana i te roa o te ora o te paipa, me te whakaiti i te hiahia mō te tiaki me te whakakapi pinepine.

3. Te āheinga whakarewa me te maha o ngā mahi:

He tino pai te āhua o te paipa maitai porowhita ASTM A139, e āhei ai te hononga maeneene, whai hua i te wā tāutanga. He tino whai hua tēnei āhuatanga mōngā paipa hau māori o raro whenua, nā te mea ka whakarite i te pumau o te pūnaha paipa, ā, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā turuturu. Hei tāpiri, nā te maha o ngā whakamahinga o te paipa maitai porowhita ka taea te hanga ngāwari i roto i ngā momo roa me ngā diameter hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga kaupapa rerekē, ā, ka āwhina i te whai huatanga o te utu me te whakaritenga.

4. Te whai hua o te utu:

Ko tētahi atu painga nui o te whakamahi i te paipa rino porowhita ASTM A139 mō ngā paipa hau maori o raro whenua ko tōna utu iti. Ko te pakari o te rauemi, te ātete ki te waikura me te ngāwari o te tāutanga ka whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki me te whakakapinga mō te wā roa. Hei tāpiri, ko tōna ōwehenga kaha-ki-taumaha teitei ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā hanganga tautoko whānui i te wā tāutanga, ka hua ake he penapena utu whānui.

5. Ngā whakaaro mō te taiao:

He paipa rino porowhita ASTM A139 e hangaia ana mā te whakamahi i ngā tukanga e pai ana ki te taiao, ā, e piri ana ki ngā paerewa haumaru tino pakari. Mā ōna āhuatanga ātete-waikura ka ārai i ngā turuturu hau, ā, ka whakaitihia te pānga ki te taiao. Hei tāpiri, nā te āheinga hangarua o te rino, he kōwhiringa pai ana ki te taiao, e whakanui ana i ngā painga pumau o te whakamahi i te paipa rino porowhita ASTM A139 mō ngā paipa hau maori o raro whenua.

Hei whakamutunga:

He mea nui te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi tika mō ngā paipa hau māori o raro whenua hei whakarite i te haumaru, te whai hua, me te pono o te kawe i tēnei puna hiko utu nui. He kōwhiringa pai rawa atu te paipa maitai porowhita ASTM A139 nā tōna kaha, tōna pakari, tōna ātete ki te waikura, tōna ngāwari ki te whakarewa, tōna whai huatanga utu, me ōna whakaaro ki te taiao. Nā ōna āhuatanga ahurei, koinei te kōwhiringa tuatahi mā ngā miihini me ngā kaiwhakahaere kaupapa e hiahia ana ki te hanga paipa hau māori o raro whenua ka tu tonu i roto i te whakamātautau o te wā. Mā te haumi ki ngā rauemi kounga teitei pērā i te paipa maitai porowhita ASTM A139, ka taea e tātou te whakarite i tētahi hanganga tohatoha hau māori pumau, haumaru hoki mō ngā whakatipuranga e haere ake nei.